core/

time.rs

#![stable(feature = "duration_core", since = "1.25.0")]

//! Temporal quantification.
//!
//! # Examples:
//!
//! There are multiple ways to create a new [`Duration`]:
//!
//! ```
//! # use std::time::Duration;
//! let five_seconds = Duration::from_secs(5);
//! assert_eq!(five_seconds, Duration::from_millis(5_000));
//! assert_eq!(five_seconds, Duration::from_micros(5_000_000));
//! assert_eq!(five_seconds, Duration::from_nanos(5_000_000_000));
//!
//! let ten_seconds = Duration::from_secs(10);
//! let seven_nanos = Duration::from_nanos(7);
//! let total = ten_seconds + seven_nanos;
//! assert_eq!(total, Duration::new(10, 7));
//! ```

use crate::fmt;
use crate::iter::Sum;
use crate::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Sub, SubAssign};

const NANOS_PER_SEC: u32 = 1_000_000_000;
const NANOS_PER_MILLI: u32 = 1_000_000;
const NANOS_PER_MICRO: u32 = 1_000;
const MILLIS_PER_SEC: u64 = 1_000;
const MICROS_PER_SEC: u64 = 1_000_000;
#[unstable(feature = "duration_units", issue = "120301")]
const SECS_PER_MINUTE: u64 = 60;
#[unstable(feature = "duration_units", issue = "120301")]
const MINS_PER_HOUR: u64 = 60;
#[unstable(feature = "duration_units", issue = "120301")]
const HOURS_PER_DAY: u64 = 24;
#[unstable(feature = "duration_units", issue = "120301")]
const DAYS_PER_WEEK: u64 = 7;

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
#[repr(transparent)]
#[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_start(0)]
#[rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range_end(999_999_999)]
struct Nanoseconds(u32);

impl Nanoseconds {
    // SAFETY: 0 is within the valid range
    const ZERO: Self = unsafe { Nanoseconds(0) };
}

impl Default for Nanoseconds {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::ZERO
    }
}

/// A `Duration` type to represent a span of time, typically used for system
/// timeouts.
///
/// Each `Duration` is composed of a whole number of seconds and a fractional part
/// represented in nanoseconds. If the underlying system does not support
/// nanosecond-level precision, APIs binding a system timeout will typically round up
/// the number of nanoseconds.
///
/// [`Duration`]s implement many common traits, including [`Add`], [`Sub`], and other
/// [`ops`] traits. It implements [`Default`] by returning a zero-length `Duration`.
///
/// [`ops`]: crate::ops
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::time::Duration;
///
/// let five_seconds = Duration::new(5, 0);
/// let five_seconds_and_five_nanos = five_seconds + Duration::new(0, 5);
///
/// assert_eq!(five_seconds_and_five_nanos.as_secs(), 5);
/// assert_eq!(five_seconds_and_five_nanos.subsec_nanos(), 5);
///
/// let ten_millis = Duration::from_millis(10);
/// ```
///
/// # Formatting `Duration` values
///
/// `Duration` intentionally does not have a `Display` impl, as there are a
/// variety of ways to format spans of time for human readability. `Duration`
/// provides a `Debug` impl that shows the full precision of the value.
///
/// The `Debug` output uses the non-ASCII "µs" suffix for microseconds. If your
/// program output may appear in contexts that cannot rely on full Unicode
/// compatibility, you may wish to format `Duration` objects yourself or use a
/// crate to do so.
#[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Default)]
#[cfg_attr(not(test), rustc_diagnostic_item = "Duration")]
pub struct Duration {
    secs: u64,
    nanos: Nanoseconds, // Always 0 <= nanos < NANOS_PER_SEC
}

impl Duration {
    /// The duration of one second.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constants)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::SECOND, Duration::from_secs(1));
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_constants", issue = "57391")]
    pub const SECOND: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);

    /// The duration of one millisecond.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constants)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::MILLISECOND, Duration::from_millis(1));
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_constants", issue = "57391")]
    pub const MILLISECOND: Duration = Duration::from_millis(1);

    /// The duration of one microsecond.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constants)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::MICROSECOND, Duration::from_micros(1));
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_constants", issue = "57391")]
    pub const MICROSECOND: Duration = Duration::from_micros(1);

    /// The duration of one nanosecond.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constants)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::NANOSECOND, Duration::from_nanos(1));
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_constants", issue = "57391")]
    pub const NANOSECOND: Duration = Duration::from_nanos(1);

    /// A duration of zero time.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::ZERO;
    /// assert!(duration.is_zero());
    /// assert_eq!(duration.as_nanos(), 0);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_zero", since = "1.53.0")]
    pub const ZERO: Duration = Duration::from_nanos(0);

    /// The maximum duration.
    ///
    /// May vary by platform as necessary. Must be able to contain the difference between
    /// two instances of [`Instant`] or two instances of [`SystemTime`].
    /// This constraint gives it a value of about 584,942,417,355 years in practice,
    /// which is currently used on all platforms.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::MAX, Duration::new(u64::MAX, 1_000_000_000 - 1));
    /// ```
    /// [`Instant`]: ../../std/time/struct.Instant.html
    /// [`SystemTime`]: ../../std/time/struct.SystemTime.html
    #[stable(feature = "duration_saturating_ops", since = "1.53.0")]
    pub const MAX: Duration = Duration::new(u64::MAX, NANOS_PER_SEC - 1);

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of whole seconds and
    /// additional nanoseconds.
    ///
    /// If the number of nanoseconds is greater than 1 billion (the number of
    /// nanoseconds in a second), then it will carry over into the seconds provided.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// This constructor will panic if the carry from the nanoseconds overflows
    /// the seconds counter.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let five_seconds = Duration::new(5, 0);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
    #[inline]
    #[must_use]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_2", since = "1.58.0")]
    pub const fn new(secs: u64, nanos: u32) -> Duration {
        if nanos < NANOS_PER_SEC {
            // SAFETY: nanos < NANOS_PER_SEC, therefore nanos is within the valid range
            Duration { secs, nanos: unsafe { Nanoseconds(nanos) } }
        } else {
            let secs = secs
                .checked_add((nanos / NANOS_PER_SEC) as u64)
                .expect("overflow in Duration::new");
            let nanos = nanos % NANOS_PER_SEC;
            // SAFETY: nanos % NANOS_PER_SEC < NANOS_PER_SEC, therefore nanos is within the valid range
            Duration { secs, nanos: unsafe { Nanoseconds(nanos) } }
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of whole seconds.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(5, duration.as_secs());
    /// assert_eq!(0, duration.subsec_nanos());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts", since = "1.32.0")]
    pub const fn from_secs(secs: u64) -> Duration {
        Duration { secs, nanos: Nanoseconds::ZERO }
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of milliseconds.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_millis(2_569);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(2, duration.as_secs());
    /// assert_eq!(569_000_000, duration.subsec_nanos());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts", since = "1.32.0")]
    pub const fn from_millis(millis: u64) -> Duration {
        let secs = millis / MILLIS_PER_SEC;
        let subsec_millis = (millis % MILLIS_PER_SEC) as u32;
        // SAFETY: (x % 1_000) * 1_000_000 < 1_000_000_000
        //         => x % 1_000 < 1_000
        let subsec_nanos = unsafe { Nanoseconds(subsec_millis * NANOS_PER_MILLI) };

        Duration { secs, nanos: subsec_nanos }
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of microseconds.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_micros(1_000_002);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(1, duration.as_secs());
    /// assert_eq!(2_000, duration.subsec_nanos());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_from_micros", since = "1.27.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts", since = "1.32.0")]
    pub const fn from_micros(micros: u64) -> Duration {
        let secs = micros / MICROS_PER_SEC;
        let subsec_micros = (micros % MICROS_PER_SEC) as u32;
        // SAFETY: (x % 1_000_000) * 1_000 < 1_000_000_000
        //         => x % 1_000_000 < 1_000_000
        let subsec_nanos = unsafe { Nanoseconds(subsec_micros * NANOS_PER_MICRO) };

        Duration { secs, nanos: subsec_nanos }
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of nanoseconds.
    ///
    /// Note: Using this on the return value of `as_nanos()` might cause unexpected behavior:
    /// `as_nanos()` returns a u128, and can return values that do not fit in u64, e.g. 585 years.
    /// Instead, consider using the pattern `Duration::new(d.as_secs(), d.subsec_nanos())`
    /// if you cannot copy/clone the Duration directly.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_nanos(1_000_000_123);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(1, duration.as_secs());
    /// assert_eq!(123, duration.subsec_nanos());
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_extras", since = "1.27.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts", since = "1.32.0")]
    pub const fn from_nanos(nanos: u64) -> Duration {
        const NANOS_PER_SEC: u64 = self::NANOS_PER_SEC as u64;
        let secs = nanos / NANOS_PER_SEC;
        let subsec_nanos = (nanos % NANOS_PER_SEC) as u32;
        // SAFETY: x % 1_000_000_000 < 1_000_000_000
        let subsec_nanos = unsafe { Nanoseconds(subsec_nanos) };

        Duration { secs, nanos: subsec_nanos }
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of weeks.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the given number of weeks overflows the `Duration` size.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constructors)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_weeks(4);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(4 * 7 * 24 * 60 * 60, duration.as_secs());
    /// assert_eq!(0, duration.subsec_nanos());
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_constructors", issue = "120301")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn from_weeks(weeks: u64) -> Duration {
        if weeks > u64::MAX / (SECS_PER_MINUTE * MINS_PER_HOUR * HOURS_PER_DAY * DAYS_PER_WEEK) {
            panic!("overflow in Duration::from_weeks");
        }

        Duration::from_secs(weeks * MINS_PER_HOUR * SECS_PER_MINUTE * HOURS_PER_DAY * DAYS_PER_WEEK)
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of days.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the given number of days overflows the `Duration` size.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constructors)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_days(7);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(7 * 24 * 60 * 60, duration.as_secs());
    /// assert_eq!(0, duration.subsec_nanos());
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_constructors", issue = "120301")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn from_days(days: u64) -> Duration {
        if days > u64::MAX / (SECS_PER_MINUTE * MINS_PER_HOUR * HOURS_PER_DAY) {
            panic!("overflow in Duration::from_days");
        }

        Duration::from_secs(days * MINS_PER_HOUR * SECS_PER_MINUTE * HOURS_PER_DAY)
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of hours.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the given number of hours overflows the `Duration` size.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constructors)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_hours(6);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(6 * 60 * 60, duration.as_secs());
    /// assert_eq!(0, duration.subsec_nanos());
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_constructors", issue = "120301")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn from_hours(hours: u64) -> Duration {
        if hours > u64::MAX / (SECS_PER_MINUTE * MINS_PER_HOUR) {
            panic!("overflow in Duration::from_hours");
        }

        Duration::from_secs(hours * MINS_PER_HOUR * SECS_PER_MINUTE)
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of minutes.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if the given number of minutes overflows the `Duration` size.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constructors)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_mins(10);
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(10 * 60, duration.as_secs());
    /// assert_eq!(0, duration.subsec_nanos());
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_constructors", issue = "120301")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn from_mins(mins: u64) -> Duration {
        if mins > u64::MAX / SECS_PER_MINUTE {
            panic!("overflow in Duration::from_mins");
        }

        Duration::from_secs(mins * SECS_PER_MINUTE)
    }

    /// Returns true if this `Duration` spans no time.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert!(Duration::ZERO.is_zero());
    /// assert!(Duration::new(0, 0).is_zero());
    /// assert!(Duration::from_nanos(0).is_zero());
    /// assert!(Duration::from_secs(0).is_zero());
    ///
    /// assert!(!Duration::new(1, 1).is_zero());
    /// assert!(!Duration::from_nanos(1).is_zero());
    /// assert!(!Duration::from_secs(1).is_zero());
    /// ```
    #[must_use]
    #[stable(feature = "duration_zero", since = "1.53.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_zero", since = "1.53.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
        self.secs == 0 && self.nanos.0 == 0
    }

    /// Returns the number of _whole_ seconds contained by this `Duration`.
    ///
    /// The returned value does not include the fractional (nanosecond) part of the
    /// duration, which can be obtained using [`subsec_nanos`].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::new(5, 730_023_852);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.as_secs(), 5);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// To determine the total number of seconds represented by the `Duration`
    /// including the fractional part, use [`as_secs_f64`] or [`as_secs_f32`]
    ///
    /// [`as_secs_f64`]: Duration::as_secs_f64
    /// [`as_secs_f32`]: Duration::as_secs_f32
    /// [`subsec_nanos`]: Duration::subsec_nanos
    #[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts", since = "1.32.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_secs(&self) -> u64 {
        self.secs
    }

    /// Returns the fractional part of this `Duration`, in whole milliseconds.
    ///
    /// This method does **not** return the length of the duration when
    /// represented by milliseconds. The returned number always represents a
    /// fractional portion of a second (i.e., it is less than one thousand).
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_millis(5_432);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.as_secs(), 5);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.subsec_millis(), 432);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_extras", since = "1.27.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts", since = "1.32.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn subsec_millis(&self) -> u32 {
        self.nanos.0 / NANOS_PER_MILLI
    }

    /// Returns the fractional part of this `Duration`, in whole microseconds.
    ///
    /// This method does **not** return the length of the duration when
    /// represented by microseconds. The returned number always represents a
    /// fractional portion of a second (i.e., it is less than one million).
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_micros(1_234_567);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.as_secs(), 1);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.subsec_micros(), 234_567);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_extras", since = "1.27.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts", since = "1.32.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn subsec_micros(&self) -> u32 {
        self.nanos.0 / NANOS_PER_MICRO
    }

    /// Returns the fractional part of this `Duration`, in nanoseconds.
    ///
    /// This method does **not** return the length of the duration when
    /// represented by nanoseconds. The returned number always represents a
    /// fractional portion of a second (i.e., it is less than one billion).
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::from_millis(5_010);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.as_secs(), 5);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.subsec_nanos(), 10_000_000);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts", since = "1.32.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn subsec_nanos(&self) -> u32 {
        self.nanos.0
    }

    /// Returns the total number of whole milliseconds contained by this `Duration`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::new(5, 730_023_852);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.as_millis(), 5_730);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_as_u128", since = "1.33.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_as_u128", since = "1.33.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_millis(&self) -> u128 {
        self.secs as u128 * MILLIS_PER_SEC as u128 + (self.nanos.0 / NANOS_PER_MILLI) as u128
    }

    /// Returns the total number of whole microseconds contained by this `Duration`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::new(5, 730_023_852);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.as_micros(), 5_730_023);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_as_u128", since = "1.33.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_as_u128", since = "1.33.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_micros(&self) -> u128 {
        self.secs as u128 * MICROS_PER_SEC as u128 + (self.nanos.0 / NANOS_PER_MICRO) as u128
    }

    /// Returns the total number of nanoseconds contained by this `Duration`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let duration = Duration::new(5, 730_023_852);
    /// assert_eq!(duration.as_nanos(), 5_730_023_852);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_as_u128", since = "1.33.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_as_u128", since = "1.33.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_nanos(&self) -> u128 {
        self.secs as u128 * NANOS_PER_SEC as u128 + self.nanos.0 as u128
    }

    /// Computes the absolute difference between `self` and `other`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(100, 0).abs_diff(Duration::new(80, 0)), Duration::new(20, 0));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(100, 400_000_000).abs_diff(Duration::new(110, 0)), Duration::new(9, 600_000_000));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_abs_diff", since = "1.81.0")]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_abs_diff", since = "1.81.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn abs_diff(self, other: Duration) -> Duration {
        if let Some(res) = self.checked_sub(other) { res } else { other.checked_sub(self).unwrap() }
    }

    /// Checked `Duration` addition. Computes `self + other`, returning [`None`]
    /// if overflow occurred.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(0, 0).checked_add(Duration::new(0, 1)), Some(Duration::new(0, 1)));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(1, 0).checked_add(Duration::new(u64::MAX, 0)), None);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_checked_ops", since = "1.16.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_2", since = "1.58.0")]
    pub const fn checked_add(self, rhs: Duration) -> Option<Duration> {
        if let Some(mut secs) = self.secs.checked_add(rhs.secs) {
            let mut nanos = self.nanos.0 + rhs.nanos.0;
            if nanos >= NANOS_PER_SEC {
                nanos -= NANOS_PER_SEC;
                if let Some(new_secs) = secs.checked_add(1) {
                    secs = new_secs;
                } else {
                    return None;
                }
            }
            debug_assert!(nanos < NANOS_PER_SEC);
            Some(Duration::new(secs, nanos))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Saturating `Duration` addition. Computes `self + other`, returning [`Duration::MAX`]
    /// if overflow occurred.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constants)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(0, 0).saturating_add(Duration::new(0, 1)), Duration::new(0, 1));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(1, 0).saturating_add(Duration::new(u64::MAX, 0)), Duration::MAX);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_saturating_ops", since = "1.53.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_2", since = "1.58.0")]
    pub const fn saturating_add(self, rhs: Duration) -> Duration {
        match self.checked_add(rhs) {
            Some(res) => res,
            None => Duration::MAX,
        }
    }

    /// Checked `Duration` subtraction. Computes `self - other`, returning [`None`]
    /// if the result would be negative or if overflow occurred.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(0, 1).checked_sub(Duration::new(0, 0)), Some(Duration::new(0, 1)));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(0, 0).checked_sub(Duration::new(0, 1)), None);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_checked_ops", since = "1.16.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_2", since = "1.58.0")]
    pub const fn checked_sub(self, rhs: Duration) -> Option<Duration> {
        if let Some(mut secs) = self.secs.checked_sub(rhs.secs) {
            let nanos = if self.nanos.0 >= rhs.nanos.0 {
                self.nanos.0 - rhs.nanos.0
            } else if let Some(sub_secs) = secs.checked_sub(1) {
                secs = sub_secs;
                self.nanos.0 + NANOS_PER_SEC - rhs.nanos.0
            } else {
                return None;
            };
            debug_assert!(nanos < NANOS_PER_SEC);
            Some(Duration::new(secs, nanos))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Saturating `Duration` subtraction. Computes `self - other`, returning [`Duration::ZERO`]
    /// if the result would be negative or if overflow occurred.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(0, 1).saturating_sub(Duration::new(0, 0)), Duration::new(0, 1));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(0, 0).saturating_sub(Duration::new(0, 1)), Duration::ZERO);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_saturating_ops", since = "1.53.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_2", since = "1.58.0")]
    pub const fn saturating_sub(self, rhs: Duration) -> Duration {
        match self.checked_sub(rhs) {
            Some(res) => res,
            None => Duration::ZERO,
        }
    }

    /// Checked `Duration` multiplication. Computes `self * other`, returning
    /// [`None`] if overflow occurred.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(0, 500_000_001).checked_mul(2), Some(Duration::new(1, 2)));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(u64::MAX - 1, 0).checked_mul(2), None);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_checked_ops", since = "1.16.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_2", since = "1.58.0")]
    pub const fn checked_mul(self, rhs: u32) -> Option<Duration> {
        // Multiply nanoseconds as u64, because it cannot overflow that way.
        let total_nanos = self.nanos.0 as u64 * rhs as u64;
        let extra_secs = total_nanos / (NANOS_PER_SEC as u64);
        let nanos = (total_nanos % (NANOS_PER_SEC as u64)) as u32;
        // FIXME(const-hack): use `and_then` once that is possible.
        if let Some(s) = self.secs.checked_mul(rhs as u64) {
            if let Some(secs) = s.checked_add(extra_secs) {
                debug_assert!(nanos < NANOS_PER_SEC);
                return Some(Duration::new(secs, nanos));
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Saturating `Duration` multiplication. Computes `self * other`, returning
    /// [`Duration::MAX`] if overflow occurred.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_constants)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(0, 500_000_001).saturating_mul(2), Duration::new(1, 2));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(u64::MAX - 1, 0).saturating_mul(2), Duration::MAX);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_saturating_ops", since = "1.53.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_2", since = "1.58.0")]
    pub const fn saturating_mul(self, rhs: u32) -> Duration {
        match self.checked_mul(rhs) {
            Some(res) => res,
            None => Duration::MAX,
        }
    }

    /// Checked `Duration` division. Computes `self / other`, returning [`None`]
    /// if `other == 0`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(2, 0).checked_div(2), Some(Duration::new(1, 0)));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(1, 0).checked_div(2), Some(Duration::new(0, 500_000_000)));
    /// assert_eq!(Duration::new(2, 0).checked_div(0), None);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_checked_ops", since = "1.16.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_2", since = "1.58.0")]
    pub const fn checked_div(self, rhs: u32) -> Option<Duration> {
        if rhs != 0 {
            let (secs, extra_secs) = (self.secs / (rhs as u64), self.secs % (rhs as u64));
            let (mut nanos, extra_nanos) = (self.nanos.0 / rhs, self.nanos.0 % rhs);
            nanos +=
                ((extra_secs * (NANOS_PER_SEC as u64) + extra_nanos as u64) / (rhs as u64)) as u32;
            debug_assert!(nanos < NANOS_PER_SEC);
            Some(Duration::new(secs, nanos))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Returns the number of seconds contained by this `Duration` as `f64`.
    ///
    /// The returned value includes the fractional (nanosecond) part of the duration.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur = Duration::new(2, 700_000_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur.as_secs_f64(), 2.7);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_float", since = "1.38.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_float", since = "1.83.0")]
    pub const fn as_secs_f64(&self) -> f64 {
        (self.secs as f64) + (self.nanos.0 as f64) / (NANOS_PER_SEC as f64)
    }

    /// Returns the number of seconds contained by this `Duration` as `f32`.
    ///
    /// The returned value includes the fractional (nanosecond) part of the duration.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur = Duration::new(2, 700_000_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur.as_secs_f32(), 2.7);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_float", since = "1.38.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_float", since = "1.83.0")]
    pub const fn as_secs_f32(&self) -> f32 {
        (self.secs as f32) + (self.nanos.0 as f32) / (NANOS_PER_SEC as f32)
    }

    /// Returns the number of milliseconds contained by this `Duration` as `f64`.
    ///
    /// The returned value includes the fractional (nanosecond) part of the duration.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_millis_float)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur = Duration::new(2, 345_678_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur.as_millis_f64(), 2_345.678);
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_millis_float", issue = "122451")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_millis_f64(&self) -> f64 {
        (self.secs as f64) * (MILLIS_PER_SEC as f64)
            + (self.nanos.0 as f64) / (NANOS_PER_MILLI as f64)
    }

    /// Returns the number of milliseconds contained by this `Duration` as `f32`.
    ///
    /// The returned value includes the fractional (nanosecond) part of the duration.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// #![feature(duration_millis_float)]
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur = Duration::new(2, 345_678_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur.as_millis_f32(), 2_345.678);
    /// ```
    #[unstable(feature = "duration_millis_float", issue = "122451")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_millis_f32(&self) -> f32 {
        (self.secs as f32) * (MILLIS_PER_SEC as f32)
            + (self.nanos.0 as f32) / (NANOS_PER_MILLI as f32)
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of seconds represented
    /// as `f64`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// This constructor will panic if `secs` is negative, overflows `Duration` or not finite.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f64(0.0);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 0));
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f64(1e-20);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 0));
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f64(4.2e-7);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 420));
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f64(2.7);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(2, 700_000_000));
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f64(3e10);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(30_000_000_000, 0));
    /// // subnormal float
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f64(f64::from_bits(1));
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 0));
    /// // conversion uses rounding
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f64(0.999e-9);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 1));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_float", since = "1.38.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_secs_f64(secs: f64) -> Duration {
        match Duration::try_from_secs_f64(secs) {
            Ok(v) => v,
            Err(e) => panic!("{}", e.description()),
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new `Duration` from the specified number of seconds represented
    /// as `f32`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// This constructor will panic if `secs` is negative, overflows `Duration` or not finite.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f32(0.0);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 0));
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f32(1e-20);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 0));
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f32(4.2e-7);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 420));
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f32(2.7);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(2, 700_000_048));
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f32(3e10);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(30_000_001_024, 0));
    /// // subnormal float
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f32(f32::from_bits(1));
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 0));
    /// // conversion uses rounding
    /// let res = Duration::from_secs_f32(0.999e-9);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Duration::new(0, 1));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_float", since = "1.38.0")]
    #[must_use]
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_secs_f32(secs: f32) -> Duration {
        match Duration::try_from_secs_f32(secs) {
            Ok(v) => v,
            Err(e) => panic!("{}", e.description()),
        }
    }

    /// Multiplies `Duration` by `f64`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// This method will panic if result is negative, overflows `Duration` or not finite.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur = Duration::new(2, 700_000_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur.mul_f64(3.14), Duration::new(8, 478_000_000));
    /// assert_eq!(dur.mul_f64(3.14e5), Duration::new(847_800, 0));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_float", since = "1.38.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    pub fn mul_f64(self, rhs: f64) -> Duration {
        Duration::from_secs_f64(rhs * self.as_secs_f64())
    }

    /// Multiplies `Duration` by `f32`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// This method will panic if result is negative, overflows `Duration` or not finite.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur = Duration::new(2, 700_000_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur.mul_f32(3.14), Duration::new(8, 478_000_641));
    /// assert_eq!(dur.mul_f32(3.14e5), Duration::new(847_800, 0));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_float", since = "1.38.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    pub fn mul_f32(self, rhs: f32) -> Duration {
        Duration::from_secs_f32(rhs * self.as_secs_f32())
    }

    /// Divides `Duration` by `f64`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// This method will panic if result is negative, overflows `Duration` or not finite.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur = Duration::new(2, 700_000_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur.div_f64(3.14), Duration::new(0, 859_872_611));
    /// assert_eq!(dur.div_f64(3.14e5), Duration::new(0, 8_599));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_float", since = "1.38.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    pub fn div_f64(self, rhs: f64) -> Duration {
        Duration::from_secs_f64(self.as_secs_f64() / rhs)
    }

    /// Divides `Duration` by `f32`.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    /// This method will panic if result is negative, overflows `Duration` or not finite.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur = Duration::new(2, 700_000_000);
    /// // note that due to rounding errors result is slightly
    /// // different from 0.859_872_611
    /// assert_eq!(dur.div_f32(3.14), Duration::new(0, 859_872_580));
    /// assert_eq!(dur.div_f32(3.14e5), Duration::new(0, 8_599));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_float", since = "1.38.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    pub fn div_f32(self, rhs: f32) -> Duration {
        Duration::from_secs_f32(self.as_secs_f32() / rhs)
    }

    /// Divides `Duration` by `Duration` and returns `f64`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur1 = Duration::new(2, 700_000_000);
    /// let dur2 = Duration::new(5, 400_000_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur1.div_duration_f64(dur2), 0.5);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "div_duration", since = "1.80.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_float", since = "1.83.0")]
    pub const fn div_duration_f64(self, rhs: Duration) -> f64 {
        let self_nanos = (self.secs as f64) * (NANOS_PER_SEC as f64) + (self.nanos.0 as f64);
        let rhs_nanos = (rhs.secs as f64) * (NANOS_PER_SEC as f64) + (rhs.nanos.0 as f64);
        self_nanos / rhs_nanos
    }

    /// Divides `Duration` by `Duration` and returns `f32`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let dur1 = Duration::new(2, 700_000_000);
    /// let dur2 = Duration::new(5, 400_000_000);
    /// assert_eq!(dur1.div_duration_f32(dur2), 0.5);
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "div_duration", since = "1.80.0")]
    #[must_use = "this returns the result of the operation, \
                  without modifying the original"]
    #[inline]
    #[rustc_const_stable(feature = "duration_consts_float", since = "1.83.0")]
    pub const fn div_duration_f32(self, rhs: Duration) -> f32 {
        let self_nanos = (self.secs as f32) * (NANOS_PER_SEC as f32) + (self.nanos.0 as f32);
        let rhs_nanos = (rhs.secs as f32) * (NANOS_PER_SEC as f32) + (rhs.nanos.0 as f32);
        self_nanos / rhs_nanos
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
impl Add for Duration {
    type Output = Duration;

    #[inline]
    fn add(self, rhs: Duration) -> Duration {
        self.checked_add(rhs).expect("overflow when adding durations")
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "time_augmented_assignment", since = "1.9.0")]
impl AddAssign for Duration {
    #[inline]
    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Duration) {
        *self = *self + rhs;
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
impl Sub for Duration {
    type Output = Duration;

    #[inline]
    fn sub(self, rhs: Duration) -> Duration {
        self.checked_sub(rhs).expect("overflow when subtracting durations")
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "time_augmented_assignment", since = "1.9.0")]
impl SubAssign for Duration {
    #[inline]
    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Duration) {
        *self = *self - rhs;
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
impl Mul<u32> for Duration {
    type Output = Duration;

    #[inline]
    fn mul(self, rhs: u32) -> Duration {
        self.checked_mul(rhs).expect("overflow when multiplying duration by scalar")
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "symmetric_u32_duration_mul", since = "1.31.0")]
impl Mul<Duration> for u32 {
    type Output = Duration;

    #[inline]
    fn mul(self, rhs: Duration) -> Duration {
        rhs * self
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "time_augmented_assignment", since = "1.9.0")]
impl MulAssign<u32> for Duration {
    #[inline]
    fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: u32) {
        *self = *self * rhs;
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "duration", since = "1.3.0")]
impl Div<u32> for Duration {
    type Output = Duration;

    #[inline]
    fn div(self, rhs: u32) -> Duration {
        self.checked_div(rhs).expect("divide by zero error when dividing duration by scalar")
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "time_augmented_assignment", since = "1.9.0")]
impl DivAssign<u32> for Duration {
    #[inline]
    fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: u32) {
        *self = *self / rhs;
    }
}

macro_rules! sum_durations {
    ($iter:expr) => {{
        let mut total_secs: u64 = 0;
        let mut total_nanos: u64 = 0;

        for entry in $iter {
            total_secs =
                total_secs.checked_add(entry.secs).expect("overflow in iter::sum over durations");
            total_nanos = match total_nanos.checked_add(entry.nanos.0 as u64) {
                Some(n) => n,
                None => {
                    total_secs = total_secs
                        .checked_add(total_nanos / NANOS_PER_SEC as u64)
                        .expect("overflow in iter::sum over durations");
                    (total_nanos % NANOS_PER_SEC as u64) + entry.nanos.0 as u64
                }
            };
        }
        total_secs = total_secs
            .checked_add(total_nanos / NANOS_PER_SEC as u64)
            .expect("overflow in iter::sum over durations");
        total_nanos = total_nanos % NANOS_PER_SEC as u64;
        Duration::new(total_secs, total_nanos as u32)
    }};
}

#[stable(feature = "duration_sum", since = "1.16.0")]
impl Sum for Duration {
    fn sum<I: Iterator<Item = Duration>>(iter: I) -> Duration {
        sum_durations!(iter)
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "duration_sum", since = "1.16.0")]
impl<'a> Sum<&'a Duration> for Duration {
    fn sum<I: Iterator<Item = &'a Duration>>(iter: I) -> Duration {
        sum_durations!(iter)
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "duration_debug_impl", since = "1.27.0")]
impl fmt::Debug for Duration {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        /// Formats a floating point number in decimal notation.
        ///
        /// The number is given as the `integer_part` and a fractional part.
        /// The value of the fractional part is `fractional_part / divisor`. So
        /// `integer_part` = 3, `fractional_part` = 12 and `divisor` = 100
        /// represents the number `3.012`. Trailing zeros are omitted.
        ///
        /// `divisor` must not be above 100_000_000. It also should be a power
        /// of 10, everything else doesn't make sense. `fractional_part` has
        /// to be less than `10 * divisor`!
        ///
        /// A prefix and postfix may be added. The whole thing is padded
        /// to the formatter's `width`, if specified.
        fn fmt_decimal(
            f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>,
            integer_part: u64,
            mut fractional_part: u32,
            mut divisor: u32,
            prefix: &str,
            postfix: &str,
        ) -> fmt::Result {
            // Encode the fractional part into a temporary buffer. The buffer
            // only need to hold 9 elements, because `fractional_part` has to
            // be smaller than 10^9. The buffer is prefilled with '0' digits
            // to simplify the code below.
            let mut buf = [b'0'; 9];

            // The next digit is written at this position
            let mut pos = 0;

            // We keep writing digits into the buffer while there are non-zero
            // digits left and we haven't written enough digits yet.
            while fractional_part > 0 && pos < f.precision().unwrap_or(9) {
                // Write new digit into the buffer
                buf[pos] = b'0' + (fractional_part / divisor) as u8;

                fractional_part %= divisor;
                divisor /= 10;
                pos += 1;
            }

            // If a precision < 9 was specified, there may be some non-zero
            // digits left that weren't written into the buffer. In that case we
            // need to perform rounding to match the semantics of printing
            // normal floating point numbers. However, we only need to do work
            // when rounding up. This happens if the first digit of the
            // remaining ones is >= 5.
            let integer_part = if fractional_part > 0 && fractional_part >= divisor * 5 {
                // Round up the number contained in the buffer. We go through
                // the buffer backwards and keep track of the carry.
                let mut rev_pos = pos;
                let mut carry = true;
                while carry && rev_pos > 0 {
                    rev_pos -= 1;

                    // If the digit in the buffer is not '9', we just need to
                    // increment it and can stop then (since we don't have a
                    // carry anymore). Otherwise, we set it to '0' (overflow)
                    // and continue.
                    if buf[rev_pos] < b'9' {
                        buf[rev_pos] += 1;
                        carry = false;
                    } else {
                        buf[rev_pos] = b'0';
                    }
                }

                // If we still have the carry bit set, that means that we set
                // the whole buffer to '0's and need to increment the integer
                // part.
                if carry {
                    // If `integer_part == u64::MAX` and precision < 9, any
                    // carry of the overflow during rounding of the
                    // `fractional_part` into the `integer_part` will cause the
                    // `integer_part` itself to overflow. Avoid this by using an
                    // `Option<u64>`, with `None` representing `u64::MAX + 1`.
                    integer_part.checked_add(1)
                } else {
                    Some(integer_part)
                }
            } else {
                Some(integer_part)
            };

            // Determine the end of the buffer: if precision is set, we just
            // use as many digits from the buffer (capped to 9). If it isn't
            // set, we only use all digits up to the last non-zero one.
            let end = f.precision().map(|p| crate::cmp::min(p, 9)).unwrap_or(pos);

            // This closure emits the formatted duration without emitting any
            // padding (padding is calculated below).
            let emit_without_padding = |f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>| {
                if let Some(integer_part) = integer_part {
                    write!(f, "{}{}", prefix, integer_part)?;
                } else {
                    // u64::MAX + 1 == 18446744073709551616
                    write!(f, "{}18446744073709551616", prefix)?;
                }

                // Write the decimal point and the fractional part (if any).
                if end > 0 {
                    // SAFETY: We are only writing ASCII digits into the buffer and
                    // it was initialized with '0's, so it contains valid UTF8.
                    let s = unsafe { crate::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&buf[..end]) };

                    // If the user request a precision > 9, we pad '0's at the end.
                    let w = f.precision().unwrap_or(pos);
                    write!(f, ".{:0<width$}", s, width = w)?;
                }

                write!(f, "{}", postfix)
            };

            match f.width() {
                None => {
                    // No `width` specified. There's no need to calculate the
                    // length of the output in this case, just emit it.
                    emit_without_padding(f)
                }
                Some(requested_w) => {
                    // A `width` was specified. Calculate the actual width of
                    // the output in order to calculate the required padding.
                    // It consists of 4 parts:
                    // 1. The prefix: is either "+" or "", so we can just use len().
                    // 2. The postfix: can be "µs" so we have to count UTF8 characters.
                    let mut actual_w = prefix.len() + postfix.chars().count();
                    // 3. The integer part:
                    if let Some(integer_part) = integer_part {
                        if let Some(log) = integer_part.checked_ilog10() {
                            // integer_part is > 0, so has length log10(x)+1
                            actual_w += 1 + log as usize;
                        } else {
                            // integer_part is 0, so has length 1.
                            actual_w += 1;
                        }
                    } else {
                        // integer_part is u64::MAX + 1, so has length 20
                        actual_w += 20;
                    }
                    // 4. The fractional part (if any):
                    if end > 0 {
                        let frac_part_w = f.precision().unwrap_or(pos);
                        actual_w += 1 + frac_part_w;
                    }

                    if requested_w <= actual_w {
                        // Output is already longer than `width`, so don't pad.
                        emit_without_padding(f)
                    } else {
                        // We need to add padding. Use the `Formatter::padding` helper function.
                        let default_align = fmt::Alignment::Left;
                        let post_padding = f.padding(requested_w - actual_w, default_align)?;
                        emit_without_padding(f)?;
                        post_padding.write(f)
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Print leading '+' sign if requested
        let prefix = if f.sign_plus() { "+" } else { "" };

        if self.secs > 0 {
            fmt_decimal(f, self.secs, self.nanos.0, NANOS_PER_SEC / 10, prefix, "s")
        } else if self.nanos.0 >= NANOS_PER_MILLI {
            fmt_decimal(
                f,
                (self.nanos.0 / NANOS_PER_MILLI) as u64,
                self.nanos.0 % NANOS_PER_MILLI,
                NANOS_PER_MILLI / 10,
                prefix,
                "ms",
            )
        } else if self.nanos.0 >= NANOS_PER_MICRO {
            fmt_decimal(
                f,
                (self.nanos.0 / NANOS_PER_MICRO) as u64,
                self.nanos.0 % NANOS_PER_MICRO,
                NANOS_PER_MICRO / 10,
                prefix,
                "µs",
            )
        } else {
            fmt_decimal(f, self.nanos.0 as u64, 0, 1, prefix, "ns")
        }
    }
}

/// An error which can be returned when converting a floating-point value of seconds
/// into a [`Duration`].
///
/// This error is used as the error type for [`Duration::try_from_secs_f32`] and
/// [`Duration::try_from_secs_f64`].
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use std::time::Duration;
///
/// if let Err(e) = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(-1.0) {
///     println!("Failed conversion to Duration: {e}");
/// }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[stable(feature = "duration_checked_float", since = "1.66.0")]
pub struct TryFromFloatSecsError {
    kind: TryFromFloatSecsErrorKind,
}

impl TryFromFloatSecsError {
    const fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
        match self.kind {
            TryFromFloatSecsErrorKind::Negative => {
                "cannot convert float seconds to Duration: value is negative"
            }
            TryFromFloatSecsErrorKind::OverflowOrNan => {
                "cannot convert float seconds to Duration: value is either too big or NaN"
            }
        }
    }
}

#[stable(feature = "duration_checked_float", since = "1.66.0")]
impl fmt::Display for TryFromFloatSecsError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.description().fmt(f)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum TryFromFloatSecsErrorKind {
    // Value is negative.
    Negative,
    // Value is either too big to be represented as `Duration` or `NaN`.
    OverflowOrNan,
}

macro_rules! try_from_secs {
    (
        secs = $secs: expr,
        mantissa_bits = $mant_bits: literal,
        exponent_bits = $exp_bits: literal,
        offset = $offset: literal,
        bits_ty = $bits_ty:ty,
        double_ty = $double_ty:ty,
    ) => {{
        const MIN_EXP: i16 = 1 - (1i16 << $exp_bits) / 2;
        const MANT_MASK: $bits_ty = (1 << $mant_bits) - 1;
        const EXP_MASK: $bits_ty = (1 << $exp_bits) - 1;

        if $secs < 0.0 {
            return Err(TryFromFloatSecsError { kind: TryFromFloatSecsErrorKind::Negative });
        }

        let bits = $secs.to_bits();
        let mant = (bits & MANT_MASK) | (MANT_MASK + 1);
        let exp = ((bits >> $mant_bits) & EXP_MASK) as i16 + MIN_EXP;

        let (secs, nanos) = if exp < -31 {
            // the input represents less than 1ns and can not be rounded to it
            (0u64, 0u32)
        } else if exp < 0 {
            // the input is less than 1 second
            let t = <$double_ty>::from(mant) << ($offset + exp);
            let nanos_offset = $mant_bits + $offset;
            let nanos_tmp = u128::from(NANOS_PER_SEC) * u128::from(t);
            let nanos = (nanos_tmp >> nanos_offset) as u32;

            let rem_mask = (1 << nanos_offset) - 1;
            let rem_msb_mask = 1 << (nanos_offset - 1);
            let rem = nanos_tmp & rem_mask;
            let is_tie = rem == rem_msb_mask;
            let is_even = (nanos & 1) == 0;
            let rem_msb = nanos_tmp & rem_msb_mask == 0;
            let add_ns = !(rem_msb || (is_even && is_tie));

            // f32 does not have enough precision to trigger the second branch
            // since it can not represent numbers between 0.999_999_940_395 and 1.0.
            let nanos = nanos + add_ns as u32;
            if ($mant_bits == 23) || (nanos != NANOS_PER_SEC) { (0, nanos) } else { (1, 0) }
        } else if exp < $mant_bits {
            let secs = u64::from(mant >> ($mant_bits - exp));
            let t = <$double_ty>::from((mant << exp) & MANT_MASK);
            let nanos_offset = $mant_bits;
            let nanos_tmp = <$double_ty>::from(NANOS_PER_SEC) * t;
            let nanos = (nanos_tmp >> nanos_offset) as u32;

            let rem_mask = (1 << nanos_offset) - 1;
            let rem_msb_mask = 1 << (nanos_offset - 1);
            let rem = nanos_tmp & rem_mask;
            let is_tie = rem == rem_msb_mask;
            let is_even = (nanos & 1) == 0;
            let rem_msb = nanos_tmp & rem_msb_mask == 0;
            let add_ns = !(rem_msb || (is_even && is_tie));

            // f32 does not have enough precision to trigger the second branch.
            // For example, it can not represent numbers between 1.999_999_880...
            // and 2.0. Bigger values result in even smaller precision of the
            // fractional part.
            let nanos = nanos + add_ns as u32;
            if ($mant_bits == 23) || (nanos != NANOS_PER_SEC) {
                (secs, nanos)
            } else {
                (secs + 1, 0)
            }
        } else if exp < 64 {
            // the input has no fractional part
            let secs = u64::from(mant) << (exp - $mant_bits);
            (secs, 0)
        } else {
            return Err(TryFromFloatSecsError { kind: TryFromFloatSecsErrorKind::OverflowOrNan });
        };

        Ok(Duration::new(secs, nanos))
    }};
}

impl Duration {
    /// The checked version of [`from_secs_f32`].
    ///
    /// [`from_secs_f32`]: Duration::from_secs_f32
    ///
    /// This constructor will return an `Err` if `secs` is negative, overflows `Duration` or not finite.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(0.0);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 0)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(1e-20);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 0)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(4.2e-7);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 420)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(2.7);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(2, 700_000_048)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(3e10);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(30_000_001_024, 0)));
    /// // subnormal float:
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(f32::from_bits(1));
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 0)));
    ///
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(-5.0);
    /// assert!(res.is_err());
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(f32::NAN);
    /// assert!(res.is_err());
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(2e19);
    /// assert!(res.is_err());
    ///
    /// // the conversion uses rounding with tie resolution to even
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(0.999e-9);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 1)));
    ///
    /// // this float represents exactly 976562.5e-9
    /// let val = f32::from_bits(0x3A80_0000);
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(val);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 976_562)));
    ///
    /// // this float represents exactly 2929687.5e-9
    /// let val = f32::from_bits(0x3B40_0000);
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(val);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 2_929_688)));
    ///
    /// // this float represents exactly 1.000_976_562_5
    /// let val = f32::from_bits(0x3F802000);
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(val);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(1, 976_562)));
    ///
    /// // this float represents exactly 1.002_929_687_5
    /// let val = f32::from_bits(0x3F806000);
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f32(val);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(1, 2_929_688)));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_checked_float", since = "1.66.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_from_secs_f32(secs: f32) -> Result<Duration, TryFromFloatSecsError> {
        try_from_secs!(
            secs = secs,
            mantissa_bits = 23,
            exponent_bits = 8,
            offset = 41,
            bits_ty = u32,
            double_ty = u64,
        )
    }

    /// The checked version of [`from_secs_f64`].
    ///
    /// [`from_secs_f64`]: Duration::from_secs_f64
    ///
    /// This constructor will return an `Err` if `secs` is negative, overflows `Duration` or not finite.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// use std::time::Duration;
    ///
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(0.0);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 0)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(1e-20);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 0)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(4.2e-7);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 420)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(2.7);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(2, 700_000_000)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(3e10);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(30_000_000_000, 0)));
    /// // subnormal float
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(f64::from_bits(1));
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 0)));
    ///
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(-5.0);
    /// assert!(res.is_err());
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(f64::NAN);
    /// assert!(res.is_err());
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(2e19);
    /// assert!(res.is_err());
    ///
    /// // the conversion uses rounding with tie resolution to even
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(0.999e-9);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 1)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(0.999_999_999_499);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 999_999_999)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(0.999_999_999_501);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(1, 0)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(42.999_999_999_499);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(42, 999_999_999)));
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(42.999_999_999_501);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(43, 0)));
    ///
    /// // this float represents exactly 976562.5e-9
    /// let val = f64::from_bits(0x3F50_0000_0000_0000);
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(val);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 976_562)));
    ///
    /// // this float represents exactly 2929687.5e-9
    /// let val = f64::from_bits(0x3F68_0000_0000_0000);
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(val);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(0, 2_929_688)));
    ///
    /// // this float represents exactly 1.000_976_562_5
    /// let val = f64::from_bits(0x3FF0_0400_0000_0000);
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(val);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(1, 976_562)));
    ///
    /// // this float represents exactly 1.002_929_687_5
    /// let val = f64::from_bits(0x3_FF00_C000_0000_000);
    /// let res = Duration::try_from_secs_f64(val);
    /// assert_eq!(res, Ok(Duration::new(1, 2_929_688)));
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "duration_checked_float", since = "1.66.0")]
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_from_secs_f64(secs: f64) -> Result<Duration, TryFromFloatSecsError> {
        try_from_secs!(
            secs = secs,
            mantissa_bits = 52,
            exponent_bits = 11,
            offset = 44,
            bits_ty = u64,
            double_ty = u128,
        )
    }
}