Language¶

• Stabilize inline const {} expressions.

• Prevent opaque types being instantiated twice with different regions within the same function.

• Stabilize WebAssembly target features that are in phase 4 and 5.

• Add the redundant_lifetimes lint to detect lifetimes which are semantically redundant.

• Stabilize the unnameable_types lint for public types that can’t be named.

• Enable debuginfo in macros, and stabilize -C collapse-macro-debuginfo and #[collapse_debuginfo].

• Propagate temporary lifetime extension into if and match expressions.

• Restrict promotion of const fn calls.

• Warn against refining impls of crate-private traits with refining_impl_trait lint.

• Stabilize associated type bounds (RFC 2289).

• Stabilize importing main from other modules or crates.

• Check return types of function types for well-formedness

• Rework impl Trait lifetime inference

• Change inductive trait solver cycles to be ambiguous

Compiler¶

• Define -C strip to only affect binaries, not artifacts like .pdb.

• Stabilize -Crelro-level for controlling runtime link hardening.

• Stabilize checking of cfg names and values at compile-time with --check-cfg. Note that this only stabilizes the compiler part, the Cargo part is still unstable in this release.

• Add aarch64-apple-visionos and aarch64-apple-visionos-sim tier 3 targets.

• Add riscv32ima-unknown-none-elf tier 3 target.

• Promote several Windows targets to tier 2: aarch64-pc-windows-gnullvm, i686-pc-windows-gnullvm, and x86_64-pc-windows-gnullvm.

Refer to Rust’s platform support page for more information on Rust’s tiered platform support.

Libraries¶

• Implement FromIterator for (impl Default + Extend, impl Default + Extend).

• Implement {Div,Rem}Assign<NonZero<X>> on X.

• Document overrides of clone_from() in core/std.

• Link MSVC default lib in core.

• Caution against using transmute between pointers and integers.

• Enable frame pointers for the standard library.

Stabilized APIs¶

• {integer}::unchecked_add

• {integer}::unchecked_mul

• {integer}::unchecked_sub

• <[T]>::split_at_unchecked

• <[T]>::split_at_mut_unchecked

• <[u8]>::utf8_chunks

• str::Utf8Chunks

• str::Utf8Chunk

• <*const T>::is_aligned

• <*mut T>::is_aligned

• NonNull::is_aligned

• <*const [T]>::len

• <*mut [T]>::len

• <*const [T]>::is_empty

• <*mut [T]>::is_empty

• NonNull::<[T]>::is_empty

• CStr::count_bytes

• io::Error::downcast

• num::NonZero<T>

• path::absolute

• proc_macro::Literal::byte_character

• proc_macro::Literal::c_string

These APIs are now stable in const contexts:

• Atomic*::into_inner

• io::Cursor::new

• io::Cursor::get_ref

• io::Cursor::position

• io::empty

• io::repeat

• io::sink

• panic::Location::caller

• panic::Location::file

• panic::Location::line

• panic::Location::column

Cargo¶

• Prevent dashes in lib.name, always normalizing to _.

• Stabilize MSRV-aware version requirement selection in cargo add.

• Switch to using gitoxide by default for listing files.

Rustdoc¶

• Always display stability version even if it’s the same as the containing item.

• Show a single search result for items with multiple paths.

• Support typing / in docs to begin a search.

Misc¶

Compatibility Notes¶

• Update the minimum external LLVM to 17.

• RustcEncodable and RustcDecodable are soft-destabilized, to be removed from the prelude in next edition.

• The wasm_c_abi future-incompatibility lint will warn about use of the non-spec-compliant C ABI. Use wasm-bindgen v0.2.88 to generate forward-compatible bindings.

• Check return types of function types for well-formedness

Language¶

• Document maximum allocation size

• Allow zero-byte offsets and ZST read/writes on arbitrary pointers

• Support C23’s variadics without a named parameter

• Stabilize exclusive_range_pattern feature

• Guarantee layout and ABI of Result in some scenarios

Compiler¶

• Update cc crate to v1.0.97 allowing additional spectre mitigations on MSVC targets

• Allow field reordering on types marked repr(packed(1))

• Add a lint against never type fallback affecting unsafe code

• Disallow cast with trailing braced macro in let-else

• Expand for_loops_over_fallibles lint to lint on fallibles behind references.

• self-contained linker: retry linking without -fuse-ld=lld on CCs that don’t support it

• Do not parse CVarArgs (...) as a type in trait bounds

• Improvements to LLDB formatting #124458 #124500

• For the wasm32-wasip2 target default to PIC and do not use -fuse-ld=lld

• Add x86_64-unknown-linux-none as a tier 3 target

• Lint on foo.into_iter() resolving to &Box<[T]>: IntoIterator

Libraries¶

• Add size_of and size_of_val and align_of and align_of_val to the prelude

• Abort a process when FD ownership is violated

• io::Write::write_fmt: panic if the formatter fails when the stream does not fail

• Panic if PathBuf::set_extension would add a path separator

• Add assert_unsafe_precondition to unchecked_{add,sub,neg,mul,shl,shr} methods

• Update c_char on AIX to use the correct type

• offset_of! no longer returns a temporary

• Handle sigma in str.to_lowercase correctly

• Raise DEFAULT_MIN_STACK_SIZE to at least 64KiB

Stabilized APIs¶

• impl Default for Rc<CStr>

• impl Default for Rc<str>

• impl Default for Rc<[T]>

• impl Default for Arc<str>

• impl Default for Arc<CStr>

• impl Default for Arc<[T]>

• impl IntoIterator for Box<[T]>

• impl FromIterator<String> for Box<str>

• impl FromIterator<char> for Box<str>

• LazyCell

• LazyLock

• Duration::div_duration_f32

• Duration::div_duration_f64

• Option::take_if

• Seek::seek_relative

• BinaryHeap::as_slice

• NonNull::offset

• NonNull::byte_offset

• NonNull::add

• NonNull::byte_add

• NonNull::sub

• NonNull::byte_sub

• NonNull::offset_from

• NonNull::byte_offset_from

• NonNull::read

• NonNull::read_volatile

• NonNull::read_unaligned

• NonNull::write

• NonNull::write_volatile

• NonNull::write_unaligned

• NonNull::write_bytes

• NonNull::copy_to

• NonNull::copy_to_nonoverlapping

• NonNull::copy_from

• NonNull::copy_from_nonoverlapping

• NonNull::replace

• NonNull::swap

• NonNull::drop_in_place

• NonNull::align_offset

• <[T]>::split_at_checked

• <[T]>::split_at_mut_checked

• str::split_at_checked

• str::split_at_mut_checked

• str::trim_ascii

• str::trim_ascii_start

• str::trim_ascii_end

• <[u8]>::trim_ascii

• <[u8]>::trim_ascii_start

• <[u8]>::trim_ascii_end

• Ipv4Addr::BITS

• Ipv4Addr::to_bits

• Ipv4Addr::from_bits

• Ipv6Addr::BITS

• Ipv6Addr::to_bits

• Ipv6Addr::from_bits

• Vec::<[T; N]>::into_flattened

• <[[T; N]]>::as_flattened

• <[[T; N]]>::as_flattened_mut

These APIs are now stable in const contexts:

• <[T]>::last_chunk

• BinaryHeap::new

Cargo¶

• Stabilize -Zcheck-cfg as always enabled

• Warn, rather than fail publish, if a target is excluded

• Add special check-cfg lint config for the unexpected_cfgs lint

• Stabilize cargo update --precise <yanked>

• Don’t change file permissions on Cargo.toml when using cargo add

• Support using cargo fix on IPv6-only networks

Rustdoc¶

• Allow searching for references

• Stabilize custom_code_classes_in_docs feature

• fix: In cross-crate scenarios show enum variants on type aliases of enums

Compatibility Notes¶

• rustfmt estimates line lengths differently when using non-ascii characters

• Type aliases are now handled correctly in orphan check

• Allow instructing rustdoc to read from stdin via -

• std::env::{set_var, remove_var} can no longer be converted to safe function pointers and no longer implement the Fn family of traits

• Warn (or error) when Self constructor from outer item is referenced in inner nested item

• Turn indirect_structural_match and pointer_structural_match lints into hard errors

• Make where_clause_object_safety lint a regular object safety violation

• Turn proc_macro_back_compat lint into a hard error.

• Detect unused structs even when implementing private traits

• std::sync::ReentrantLockGuard<T> is no longer Sync if T: !Sync which means std::io::StdoutLock and std::io::StderrLock are no longer Sync

• Type inference will fail in some cases due to new implementations of FromIterator for Box<str>. Notably, this breaks versions of the time crate before 0.3.35, due to no longer inferring the implementation for Box<[_]>.

Internal Changes¶

These changes do not affect any public interfaces of Rust, but they represent significant improvements to the performance or internals of rustc and related tools.

• Misc improvements to size of generated html by rustdoc e.g. #124738 and #123734

• MSVC targets no longer depend on libc

Language¶

• Abort on uncaught panics in extern "C" functions.

• Fix ambiguous cases of multiple & in elided self lifetimes.

• Stabilize #[expect] for lints (RFC 2383), like #[allow] with a warning if the lint is not fulfilled.

• Change method resolution to constrain hidden types instead of rejecting method candidates.

• Bump elided_lifetimes_in_associated_constant to deny.

• offset_from: always allow pointers to point to the same address.

• Allow constraining opaque types during subtyping in the trait system.

• Allow constraining opaque types during various unsizing casts.

• Deny keyword lifetimes pre-expansion.

Compiler¶

• Make casts of pointers to trait objects stricter.

• Check alias args for well-formedness even if they have escaping bound vars.

• Deprecate no-op codegen option -Cinline-threshold=....

• Re-implement a type-size based limit.

• Properly account for alignment in transmute size checks.

• Remove the box_pointers lint.

• Ensure the interpreter checks bool/char for validity when they are used in a cast.

• Improve coverage instrumentation for functions containing nested items.

• Target changes:

  • Add Tier 3 no_std Xtensa targets: xtensa-esp32-none-elf, xtensa-esp32s2-none-elf, xtensa-esp32s3-none-elf

  • Add Tier 3 std Xtensa targets: xtensa-esp32-espidf, xtensa-esp32s2-espidf, xtensa-esp32s3-espidf

  • Add Tier 3 i686 Redox OS target: i686-unknown-redox

  • Promote arm64ec-pc-windows-msvc to Tier 2.

  • Promote loongarch64-unknown-linux-musl to Tier 2 with host tools.

  • Enable full tools and profiler for LoongArch Linux targets.

  • Unconditionally warn on usage of wasm32-wasi. (see compatibility note below)

  • Refer to Rust’s platform support page for more information on Rust’s tiered platform support.

Libraries¶

• Split core’s PanicInfo and std’s PanicInfo. (see compatibility note below)

• Generalize {Rc,Arc}::make_mut() to unsized types.

• Replace sort implementations with stable driftsort and unstable ipnsort. All slice::sort* and slice::select_nth* methods are expected to see significant performance improvements. See the research project for more details.

• Document behavior of create_dir_all with respect to empty paths.

• Fix interleaved output in the default panic hook when multiple threads panic simultaneously.

Stabilized APIs¶

• core::error

• hint::assert_unchecked

• fs::exists

• AtomicBool::fetch_not

• Duration::abs_diff

• IoSlice::advance

• IoSlice::advance_slices

• IoSliceMut::advance

• IoSliceMut::advance_slices

• PanicHookInfo

• PanicInfo::message

• PanicMessage

These APIs are now stable in const contexts:

• char::from_u32_unchecked (function)

• char::from_u32_unchecked (method)

• CStr::count_bytes

• CStr::from_ptr

Cargo¶

• Generated .cargo_vcs_info.json is always included, even when --allow-dirty is passed.

• Disallow package.license-file and package.readme pointing to non-existent files during packaging.

• Disallow passing --release/--debug flag along with the --profile flag.

• Remove lib.plugin key support in Cargo.toml. Rust plugin support has been deprecated for four years and was removed in 1.75.0.

Compatibility Notes¶

• Usage of the wasm32-wasi target will now issue a compiler warning and request users switch to the wasm32-wasip1 target instead. Both targets are the same, wasm32-wasi is only being renamed, and this change to the WASI target is being done to enable removing wasm32-wasi in January 2025.

• We have renamed std::panic::PanicInfo to std::panic::PanicHookInfo. The old name will continue to work as an alias, but will result in a deprecation warning starting in Rust 1.82.0.

  core::panic::PanicInfo will remain unchanged, however, as this is now a different type.

  The reason is that these types have different roles: std::panic::PanicHookInfo is the argument to the panic hook in std context (where panics can have an arbitrary payload), while core::panic::PanicInfo is the argument to the #[panic_handler] in no_std context (where panics always carry a formatted message). Separating these types allows us to add more useful methods to these types, such as std::panic::PanicHookInfo::payload_as_str() and core::panic::PanicInfo::message().

• The new sort implementations may panic if a type’s implementation of Ord (or the given comparison function) does not implement a total order as the trait requires. Ord’s supertraits (PartialOrd, Eq, and PartialEq) must also be consistent. The previous implementations would not “notice” any problem, but the new implementations have a good chance of detecting inconsistencies, throwing a panic rather than returning knowingly unsorted data.

• In very rare cases, a change in the internal evaluation order of the trait solver may result in new fatal overflow errors.

Internal Changes¶

These changes do not affect any public interfaces of Rust, but they represent significant improvements to the performance or internals of rustc and related tools.

• Add a Rust-for Linux auto CI job to check kernel builds.