文字列
Rustには文字列を扱う型が2つあります。Stringと&strです。
Stringは有効なUTF-8の配列であることを保証されたバイトのベクタ(Vec<u8>)として保持されます。ヒープ上に保持され、伸長可能で、末端にnull文字を含みません。
&strは有効なUTF-8の配列のスライス（&[u8]）で、いつでもStringに変換することができます。&[T]がいつでもVec<T>に変換できるのと同様です。
str/Stringのメソッドをもっと見たい場合はstd::str、std::stringモジュールを参照してください。
Literals and escapes
There are multiple ways to write string literals with special characters in them. All result in a similar &str so it's best to use the form that is the most convenient to write. Similarly there are multiple ways to write byte string literals, which all result in &[u8; N].
Generally special characters are escaped with a backslash character: \. This way you can add any character to your string, even unprintable ones and ones that you don't know how to type. If you want a literal backslash, escape it with another one: \\
String or character literal delimiters occurring within a literal must be escaped: "\"", '\''.
Sometimes there are just too many characters that need to be escaped or it's just much more convenient to write a string out as-is. This is where raw string literals come into play.
Want a string that's not UTF-8? (Remember, str and String must be valid UTF-8). Or maybe you want an array of bytes that's mostly text? Byte strings to the rescue!
For conversions between character encodings check out the encoding crate.
A more detailed listing of the ways to write string literals and escape characters is given in the 'Tokens' chapter of the Rust Reference.